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Comprehensive Guide to Wire Color Coding for DIY Electronics

When working on DIY electronics, consistent and clear wire color coding is crucial for avoiding confusion and ensuring reliable connections. This guide helps you map DIY wire colors to the closest RJ45 Ethernet wire colors, minimizing confusion across projects. Whether you're wiring speakers, sensors, relays, or communication protocols like RS-232 and RS-485, this guide has you covered.

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Why Color Coding Matters

Electronics projects often involve multiple types of signals: power, ground, data, and control. Using consistent color coding:

• Helps avoid wiring mistakes.
• Makes debugging easier.
• Ensures compatibility across projects.

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Updated Wire Color Coding Table

Here’s the complete color coding table for your DIY projects:

  

    
Function
    
DIY/Breadboard Color
    
Closest RJ45 Color
    
Recommended Use
  
  

    
Ground (GND)
    
Black
    
Green
    
Common ground for all connections.
  
  

    
Power (5V)
    
Red
    
Brown
    
Power supply for logic circuits, modules, or low-power devices.
  
  

    
Power (3.3V)
    
Orange
    
Orange
    
Power supply for microcontrollers and 3.3V peripherals.
  
  

    
Speaker (+)
    
Blue
    
Blue
    
Positive output for speaker audio signals.
  
  

    
Speaker (−)
    
White
    
Green-White
    
Negative output for speaker audio signals.
  
  

    
RS-485 A (+)
    
Yellow
    
Orange
    
Positive differential signal (A line).
  
  

    
RS-485 B (−)
    
Green
    
Orange-White
    
Negative differential signal (B line).
  
  

    
RS-232 TX (Transmit)
    
Purple
    
Blue
    
Transmit signal for RS-232 communication.
  
  

    
RS-232 RX (Receive)
    
Gray
    
Blue-White
    
Receive signal for RS-232 communication.
  
  

    
Analog Sensor Signal
    
Purple
 
Blue
   
    
Sensor output for ADC reading (e.g., temperature, light).
  
  

    
Digital Sensor Signal
    
Yellow
    
Orange-White
    
GPIO input or output for sensors like DHT11, HC-SR04, or buttons.
  
  

    
I2C Clock (SCL)
    
Blue
    
Blue
    
Clock signal for I2C communication.
  
  

    
I2C Data (SDA)
    
White
    
Blue-White
    
Data line for I2C communication.
  
  

    
Relay Control (Signal)
    
Purple
    
Green-White
    
Signal wire to control a relay module.
  
  

    
Relay GND
    
Black
    
Green
    
Ground connection for relay module.
  
  

    
Relay VCC (Power)
    
Red
    
Brown
    
Power supply for the relay module (5V).
  

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Key Points to Remember

Speaker Wiring

• Use Blue (positive) and White (negative) for clarity.
• Match these to RJ45 Blue and Green-White wires.

RS-485 vs RS-232

• RS-485: Differential signals using Yellow (A) and Green (B).
• RS-232: Single-ended TX and RX with Purple and Gray.

Sensors

• Analog signals (e.g., temperature, light) use Purple.
• Digital GPIO signals (e.g., DHT11, HC-SR04) use Yellow.

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How to Use This Guide

• Print this table for quick reference.
• Label wires consistently in your projects.
• Avoid mistakes by sticking to these conventions across all your DIY setups.

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